Notes

Abraham Hulk Senior was born on the 1st of May 1813 in London. He was an Anglo Dutch painter, drawer and lithograph.

Hulk came out of an artistic family, his brother Johannes Frederik Hulk Senior (1829–1911) and his sons Willem Frederik Hulk (1852 – c. 1880), Johannes Frederik Hulk Junior (1855–1913) and Abraham Hulk Junior (1876–1898) were also artists too.

Abraham Hulk Senior became one of the well known marine painters of his time in the 19th century and with that the patriarch of a whole family of Anglo Dutch painters. He studied first to paint portraits under the portrait painter, Jean Augustin Daiwaille (1786–1850) and after that at the Rijksacademie in Amsterdam.

When he was twenty years old Abraham Hulk Senior sailed to New York and then to Boston, where he exhibited between 1833 to 1834. In 1834 he returned to the Netherlands where he lived in Amsterdam for a few months and then in The Hague and Leeuwarden. In 1870 he settled in London, where he spent the rest of his life and exhibited at the Royal Academy, where he entered three paintings, two of them Dutch seascapes. He became one of the great marine painters and was well known for his ability to paint the sea and its ships in such different ways. Abraham Hulk Senior is frequently mistaken as a Dutch artist due to the strong Dutch influence and subject matter of his paintings. Most biographies say that he died in London, but he died on a short visit to the Netherlands to visit his friends and sons.